Distinguishing the Calls of Red-Tailed Hawks and Red-Shouldered Hawks (Over 1200 Words)
Soaring high above, red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks are majestic birds of prey native to North America. While they share some physical similarities, their vocalizations offer a clear distinction. Identifying these raptors by their calls can be a rewarding skill for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. This comprehensive guide delves into the calls of red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks, equipping you to differentiate these sky-dwellers with confidence.
The Red-Tailed Hawk: A Vocal Predator
The red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) is a widespread and easily recognizable raptor. Often seen perched on telephone poles or soaring effortlessly in search of prey, these birds possess a piercing and versatile call.
- Characteristics of the Red-Tailed Hawk Call:
- Harsh and piercing scream, often described as a high-pitched “Kee-eee!” or “Kreeeeee!”
- Can vary in pitch and duration depending on context
- Used for territorial defense, communication between mates, and calling to young
- Sometimes incorporates a series of short, rapid “kree” calls in succession
Here are some audio examples to help you solidify the red-tailed hawk’s call:
-
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Red-tailed Hawk Sounds
-
Variations in the Red-Tailed Hawk Call:
- Red-tailed hawk calls can vary geographically, with some populations exhibiting more complex vocalizations.
- Chicks may emit high-pitched begging calls to solicit food from their parents.
The Red-Shouldered Hawk: A Warier Voice
The red-shouldered hawk (Buteo lineatus) is a smaller and less common relative of the red-tailed hawk. Often found in wooded areas, these birds tend to be shyer and possess a distinct vocal signature.
- Characteristics of the Red-Shouldered Hawk Call:
- Loud, shrill “Kee-aah!” with a descending inflection
- Two-note call with the second note lower in pitch than the first
- Often described as a mournful or wailing cry
- Used for territorial defense and communication between mates
Here are some audio resources to help you identify the red-shouldered hawk’s call:
-
The Cornell Lab of Ornithology: Red-shouldered Hawk Sounds
-
Variations in the Red-Shouldered Hawk Call:
- Red-shouldered hawk calls may vary slightly in pitch and duration.
- Similar to the red-tailed hawk, chicks may produce high-pitched begging calls.
Beyond the Call: Visual Differences Between Red-Tailed Hawks and Red-Shouldered Hawks
While their calls offer the most reliable means of identification, some visual differences can aid in distinguishing red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks, especially for experienced birdwatchers.
Red-Tailed Hawk:
- Larger body size (wingspan up to 5ft)
- Broad wings with rounded wingtips
- Rusty-reddish tail with a single dark terminal band
- Variable plumage, can range from light to dark brown
- Broad, light chest band contrasting with a darker belly band
Red-Shouldered Hawk:
- Smaller body size (wingspan up to 4ft)
- Narrower wings with pointed wingtips
- Reddish-barred tail with multiple dark bands
- Consistent reddish-brown plumage
- Narrow, rufous chest band blending into a streaked belly
Key Tip: While adult plumage offers clearer distinctions, juvenile red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks can appear more similar. Relying on vocalizations becomes even more crucial for accurate identification of younger birds.
When to Listen for Red-Tailed Hawk and Red-Shouldered Hawk Calls
Red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks are most vocal during the breeding season, which typically falls between March and August in North America. However, they may vocalize throughout the year to defend their territory or communicate with mates.
Tips for Distinguishing Red-Tailed Hawk and Red-Shouldered Hawk Calls in the Field
Differentiating between the calls of red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks can be challenging, especially for beginners. Here are some additional tips to enhance your identification skills:
- Listen for Context: Consider the situation when you hear the call. Red-tailed hawk calls are more diverse and used in various contexts, while red-shouldered hawk calls are primarily used for territorial defense and communication between mates.
- Focus on Pitch and Inflection: The key difference lies in the pitch and inflection. Red-tailed hawk calls are typically higher-pitched and piercing, while red-shouldered hawk calls have a descending, mournful quality.
- Download Bird Call Apps: Several smartphone applications feature bird call recordings and identification tools. These can be helpful resources in the field, especially when combined with your listening skills.
- Start with Familiar Territory: If you’re new to bird call identification, begin in areas where one species is more common. This allows you to solidify your understanding of their calls before venturing into areas with overlapping territories.
- Practice Makes Perfect: The more you actively listen to bird calls, the more attuned you’ll become to subtle variations. Patience and practice are key to mastering the art of bird call identification.
Mimicry and Deception: Not All Calls Are What They Seem
It’s important to note that both red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks can mimic the calls of other birds, including crows and kestrels. This behavior can sometimes be used to deceive prey or intimidate rivals. However, these mimicry calls are often less complex and more sporadic than their typical vocalizations. Focus on the overall call structure and context to differentiate true calls from mimicry.
Beyond Identification: The Ecological Role of Hawk Calls
The calls of red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks play a vital role in their ecosystem. These vocalizations function as a form of communication, helping them:
- Establish and defend territories
- Attract mates
- Maintain social cohesion within pairs and family groups
- Warn offspring of potential dangers
Understanding hawk calls allows us to appreciate the complex communication systems within the avian world.
Conclusion: Unveiling the Language of the Skies
By learning to distinguish the calls of red-tailed hawks and red-shouldered hawks, you’ll gain a deeper appreciation for these magnificent birds of prey. Their vocalizations not only add a layer of beauty to the natural world but also serve as a window into their behavior and ecological roles. So, the next time you’re outdoors, take a moment to listen closely. You might be surprised by the hidden conversations unfolding above you in the language of the skies.
